A high level of cognitive functioning is crucial to the safe and competent operation of aircraft. Neuropsychologists are increasingly called upon to perform cognitive evaluations of commercial airline pilots and these evaluations are unique in many ways compared to more conventional clinical assessments in hospital settings. In this episode, we discuss the ins and outs of aerospace neuropsychology, including important clinically relevant evidence-based advice and guidance for neuropsychologists looking to extend their practice by evaluating aviators.