INS NYC 2024 Program

Custom Content	Poster Session 03 Program Schedule 02/15/2024 09:30 am - 10:40 am Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60) Poster Session 03: Neurotrauma \| Neurovascular Final Abstract #4 Poster Symposium: Invisible Injuries: Screening, Assessment, and Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Vulnerable Populations — Abstract 3 Over-Representation of Brain Injury in Corrections - What Can Be Done About It? Drew Nagele, Brain Injury Association of Pennsylvania, Chambersburg, United States Category: Acquired Brain Injury (TBI/Cerebrovascular Injury & Disease - Adult) Keyword 1: brain injury Keyword 2: neuropsychological assessment Keyword 3: adaptive functioning Objective: It has been established by many well-designed research studies that the prevalence of brain injury among justice-involved populations is significantly greater than that of the general population. Although reports of brain injury prevalence in the general population range between 5% and 15%, even considering the higher prevalence, most studies are showing prevalence of 3 to 6 times greater than in the general population. A recent study that focused on female adults in corrections found that 79% of female offenders reported a history of TBI, with 38% reporting six or more injuries. Of significance is the fact that only 28.5% of female offenders reporting injury believed they had sustained a brain injury. This is true in our studies as well – the great majority had never been diagnosed with a brain injury, nor had they received any of the rehabilitation treatments that are proven to work to help people with brain injury to improve their performance in everyday life. Participants and Methods: Recent research by the author will be described in adult and juvenile corrections populations being released into the community, who have been administered the Ohio State University TBI-ID screening tool, the MindSource Symptom Questionnaire, and NeuroCognitive Assessment using the RBANS and Trail Making Tests A & B. Results: Pilot work in these populations indicated lifetime history of brain injury in adult corrections at 75% and in juvenile settings at 49%. Another important finding of this work is when these brain injuries have occurred, in our adult male study, 75% of their injuries occurred before the age of 21, in the adult female study the 52% received their injuries in childhood. In the adult female study 66% received brain injuries through intimate partner violence. Most of these injuries are never reported, never diagnosed, and never documented. What emerges is a pattern of repeated, mild brain injuries, often occurring in childhood or in abusive relationships, which never get treatment. Conclusions: We know from the mTBI literature that the risk of sustaining additional brain injuries increases with each injury; after the first concussion, there is a 3X greater chance of having a second; after a second concussion there is an 8X greater chance of experiencing a third. We also know that the effects of untreated concussion with residual effects can be cumulative. The most common types of impairments documented in the adult populations included impairments of memory and executive functioning. In the juvenile population, impairments the most common impairments were found in working memory, behavioral regulation, and delayed recall of novel information. These are areas of function essential for success in school and in work. Implications are that early identification could lead to appropriate diagnoses and appropriate referrals to rehabilitation treatment. For those who have not gotten timely services at time of injury, identification and connections to resources using a process called NeuroResource Facilitation may be able help the individual to recognize their brain injury, improve their life performance which could then decrease recidivism. The success of this approach is currently being studied.

Custom Content

02/15/2024
09:30 am - 10:40 am
Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60)

Poster Session 03: Neurotrauma | Neurovascular

Final Abstract #4

Poster Symposium: Invisible Injuries: Screening, Assessment, and Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Vulnerable Populations — Abstract 3

Over-Representation of Brain Injury in Corrections - What Can Be Done About It?

Drew Nagele, Brain Injury Association of Pennsylvania, Chambersburg, United States

Category: Acquired Brain Injury (TBI/Cerebrovascular Injury & Disease - Adult)

Keyword 1: brain injury
Keyword 2: neuropsychological assessment
Keyword 3: adaptive functioning

Objective:

It has been established by many well-designed research studies that the prevalence of brain injury among justice-involved populations is significantly greater than that of the general population. Although reports of brain injury prevalence in the general population range between 5% and 15%, even considering the higher prevalence, most studies are showing prevalence of 3 to 6 times greater than in the general population. A recent study that focused on female adults in corrections found that 79% of female offenders reported a history of TBI, with 38% reporting six or more injuries. Of significance is the fact that only 28.5% of female offenders reporting injury believed they had sustained a brain injury. This is true in our studies as well – the great majority had never been diagnosed with a brain injury, nor had they received any of the rehabilitation treatments that are proven to work to help people with brain injury to improve their performance in everyday life.

Participants and Methods:

Recent research by the author will be described in adult and juvenile corrections populations being released into the community, who have been administered the Ohio State University TBI-ID screening tool, the MindSource Symptom Questionnaire, and NeuroCognitive Assessment using the RBANS and Trail Making Tests A & B.

Results:

Pilot work in these populations indicated lifetime history of brain injury in adult corrections at 75% and in juvenile settings at 49%. Another important finding of this work is when these brain injuries have occurred, in our adult male study, 75% of their injuries occurred before the age of 21, in the adult female study the 52% received their injuries in childhood. In the adult female study 66% received brain injuries through intimate partner violence. Most of these injuries are never reported, never diagnosed, and never documented. What emerges is a pattern of repeated, mild brain injuries, often occurring in childhood or in abusive relationships, which never get treatment.

Conclusions:

We know from the mTBI literature that the risk of sustaining additional brain injuries increases with each injury; after the first concussion, there is a 3X greater chance of having a second; after a second concussion there is an 8X greater chance of experiencing a third. We also know that the effects of untreated concussion with residual effects can be cumulative. The most common types of impairments documented in the adult populations included impairments of memory and executive functioning. In the juvenile population, impairments the most common impairments were found in working memory, behavioral regulation, and delayed recall of novel information. These are areas of function essential for success in school and in work. Implications are that early identification could lead to appropriate diagnoses and appropriate referrals to rehabilitation treatment. For those who have not gotten timely services at time of injury, identification and connections to resources using a process called NeuroResource Facilitation may be able help the individual to recognize their brain injury, improve their life performance which could then decrease recidivism. The success of this approach is currently being studied.