INS NYC 2024 Program

Poster	Poster Session 10 Program Schedule 02/17/2024 09:00 am - 10:15 am Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60) Poster Session 10: Neurodevelopmental \| Congenital Conditions Final Abstract #46 Neurocognitive Correlates of Reading and Decoding Efficiency in Critical Congenital Heart Disease and Developmental Dyslexia Sarah Inkelis, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Christa Watson Pereira, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Stephany Cox, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Lauren Harasymiw, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Rowan Saloner, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Marni Shabash, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Melissa Brown, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Maria Luisa Gorno Tempini, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Patrick McQuillen, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States Category: Medical/Neurological Disorders/Other (Child) Keyword 1: dyslexia Keyword 2: cardiovascular disease Keyword 3: pediatric neuropsychology Objective: Children with history of early surgery or neonatal brain injury (e.g., critical congenital heart disease [CCHD]) are unique cohorts who have experienced brain insult during language development. With innovative surgical techniques, improvements in peri-operative care, and unique patient-oriented programs, most children with CCHD are surviving, with a growing adult population. However, these children struggle with language and reading, and represent a group at the nexus of developmental and acquired dyslexia. This study examined reading performance in children with known risk for anomalous brain development (CCHD) and children with developmental dyslexia (DD). Participants and Methods: Participants included youth aged 11-18 years from two cohorts: 1) children with CCHD who were originally enrolled as newborns in a prospective study at the UCSF Pediatric Heart Center (n=20), and 2) children with well-characterized DD (n=33) and typically developing controls (n=25) who were enrolled in studies at the UCSF Dyslexia Center. All participants completed neuroimaging and tests of timed reading (TOWRE-2 Sight Word Efficiency [SWE]), timed decoding (TOWRE-2 Phonemic Decoding Efficiency [PDE]), and nonverbal reasoning (WASI or WISC-V Matrix Reasoning). CCHD and DD completed additional neuropsychological tests of receptive vocabulary (ROWPVT-4), processing speed (WISC-IV or WISC-V Coding and Symbol Search), verbal fluency (NEPSY-II or D-KEFS Category and Letter Fluency), and verbal learning and memory (CVLT-C or CVLT-II). Pairwise comparisons examined group differences on age-corrected standardized neuropsychological and reading test scores. Separate analyses within CCHD and DD examined the neuropsychological correlates of reading performance (SWE and PDE). Results: A stair-step pattern was observed for word reading and decoding efficiency such that controls had the highest performance, followed by CCHD, then DD (SWE: Cohen’s d range 0.72 to 1.97, ps<.018; PDE: Cohen’s d range 0.91 to 1.92, ps<.014). Matrix Reasoning did not differ between CCHD and DD (p=.892), who were both lower than controls (ps<.022). CCHD and DD were also comparable for remaining neuropsychological tests, with exception of Category Fluency (p=.004). In CCHD, only processing speed measures were significantly correlated with SWE (Symbol Search: r=.66, p=.002; Coding: r=.48, p=.037), and only Letter Fluency approached significance with PDE (r=.40, p=.091). In DD, none of the neuropsychological tests correlated with SWE (ps>.146), whereas Coding (r=.50, p=.007), Letter Fluency (r=.48, p=.008), and CVLT long-delay free recall (r=.42, p=.023) correlated with PDE. Conclusions: Results indicate that word reading and decoding speed are negatively impacted in children with CCHD, yet exhibit a different profile of neurocognitive correlates compared to DD. Despite similar neuropsychological test performance, processing speed was related to word reading speed in CCHD but not DD. In contrast, processing speed, lexical retrieval, and verbal memory were only associated with decoding speed in DD. This differential link between neurocognition and reading performance may reflect greater involvement of brain networks that support processing speed in CCHD compared to greater involvement of circuits that support phonological processing in DD. Further exploration of these findings in conjunction with structural and functional neuroimaging may help refine clinical phenotyping of, and interventions for, reading difficulties in CCHD and DD.

Poster

02/17/2024
09:00 am - 10:15 am
Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60)

Poster Session 10: Neurodevelopmental | Congenital Conditions

Final Abstract #46

Neurocognitive Correlates of Reading and Decoding Efficiency in Critical Congenital Heart Disease and Developmental Dyslexia

Sarah Inkelis, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Christa Watson Pereira, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Stephany Cox, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Lauren Harasymiw, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Rowan Saloner, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Marni Shabash, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Melissa Brown, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Maria Luisa Gorno Tempini, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Patrick McQuillen, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States

Category: Medical/Neurological Disorders/Other (Child)

Keyword 1: dyslexia
Keyword 2: cardiovascular disease
Keyword 3: pediatric neuropsychology

Objective:

Children with history of early surgery or neonatal brain injury (e.g., critical congenital heart disease [CCHD]) are unique cohorts who have experienced brain insult during language development. With innovative surgical techniques, improvements in peri-operative care, and unique patient-oriented programs, most children with CCHD are surviving, with a growing adult population. However, these children struggle with language and reading, and represent a group at the nexus of developmental and acquired dyslexia. This study examined reading performance in children with known risk for anomalous brain development (CCHD) and children with developmental dyslexia (DD).

Participants and Methods:

Participants included youth aged 11-18 years from two cohorts: 1) children with CCHD who were originally enrolled as newborns in a prospective study at the UCSF Pediatric Heart Center (n=20), and 2) children with well-characterized DD (n=33) and typically developing controls (n=25) who were enrolled in studies at the UCSF Dyslexia Center. All participants completed neuroimaging and tests of timed reading (TOWRE-2 Sight Word Efficiency [SWE]), timed decoding (TOWRE-2 Phonemic Decoding Efficiency [PDE]), and nonverbal reasoning (WASI or WISC-V Matrix Reasoning). CCHD and DD completed additional neuropsychological tests of receptive vocabulary (ROWPVT-4), processing speed (WISC-IV or WISC-V Coding and Symbol Search), verbal fluency (NEPSY-II or D-KEFS Category and Letter Fluency), and verbal learning and memory (CVLT-C or CVLT-II). Pairwise comparisons examined group differences on age-corrected standardized neuropsychological and reading test scores. Separate analyses within CCHD and DD examined the neuropsychological correlates of reading performance (SWE and PDE).

Results:

A stair-step pattern was observed for word reading and decoding efficiency such that controls had the highest performance, followed by CCHD, then DD (SWE: Cohen’s d range 0.72 to 1.97, ps<.018; PDE: Cohen’s d range 0.91 to 1.92, ps<.014). Matrix Reasoning did not differ between CCHD and DD (p=.892), who were both lower than controls (ps<.022). CCHD and DD were also comparable for remaining neuropsychological tests, with exception of Category Fluency (p=.004). In CCHD, only processing speed measures were significantly correlated with SWE (Symbol Search: r=.66, p=.002; Coding: r=.48, p=.037), and only Letter Fluency approached significance with PDE (r=.40, p=.091). In DD, none of the neuropsychological tests correlated with SWE (ps>.146), whereas Coding (r=.50, p=.007), Letter Fluency (r=.48, p=.008), and CVLT long-delay free recall (r=.42, p=.023) correlated with PDE.

Conclusions:

Results indicate that word reading and decoding speed are negatively impacted in children with CCHD, yet exhibit a different profile of neurocognitive correlates compared to DD. Despite similar neuropsychological test performance, processing speed was related to word reading speed in CCHD but not DD. In contrast, processing speed, lexical retrieval, and verbal memory were only associated with decoding speed in DD. This differential link between neurocognition and reading performance may reflect greater involvement of brain networks that support processing speed in CCHD compared to greater involvement of circuits that support phonological processing in DD. Further exploration of these findings in conjunction with structural and functional neuroimaging may help refine clinical phenotyping of, and interventions for, reading difficulties in CCHD and DD.