INS NYC 2024 Program

Poster	Poster Session 09 Program Schedule 02/16/2024 03:30 pm - 04:45 pm Room: Majestic Complex (Posters 61-120) Poster Session 09: Epilepsy \| Oncology \| MS \| Infectious Disease Final Abstract #113 The Quantity and Quality of Social Engagements are Differentially Associated with Neurocognition in Latino and Non-Latino White Older Adults with HIV Crystal Wang, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States Mariam Hussain, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States Lize Tibiriçá, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States Valarie Castellanos-Ponce, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States Mariana Cherner, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States Barton Palmer, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States Lily Kamalyan, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States David Yassai-Gonzalez, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States Anya Umlauf, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States Lisa Barnes, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, United States Robert Heaton, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States Ronald Ellis, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States María Marquine, Duke University, Durham, United States Category: Infectious Disease (HIV/COVID/Hepatitis/Viruses) Keyword 1: HIV/AIDS Keyword 2: cognitive functioning Keyword 3: cross-cultural issues Objective: Older Hispanic/Latino/as/x (henceforth Latino) people with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment compared to non-Latino White (henceforth White) PWH. The present study aimed to investigate ethnic/racial differences in the quantity and quality of social engagement, and their association with neurocognition, among older Latino and White PWH. Participants and Methods: Participants included community-dwelling PWH age 50+ living in southern California (N=116; 50% Latino [53% Spanish-speaking] and 50% White; Age: M=58.0, SD=5.8; Education: M=13.3, SD=3.4; 82% male; 58% AIDS; 95% on antiretroviral therapy; 96% undetectable plasma RNA). Global neurocognition was derived from demographically adjusted T-scores using a battery of 10 tests with normative data available for English- and Spanish-speaking Latinos and non-Latino Whites. A self-report questionnaire assessed participation in eight social activities over the past year as a measure of the quantity of social engagements. A subset of participants (n=101, 53.47% Latino) completed the loneliness scale from the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery, which served as a self-report measure of the quality of social engagements. Independent sample t-tests were conducted to assess for ethnic differences in rates of social activity and loneliness. Multivariable regression models were conducted to examine whether the association between social engagement and neurocognition differed by ethnic group, with terms for social activity (or loneliness), ethnic group, and their interactions, adjusted for significant covariates (i.e., relevant demographics, HIV disease characteristics, and psychiatric comorbidities that differed between Latino and White PWH). Results: There were no significant ethnic differences in amount of engagement in social activities or type of social activity, but Latino PWH reported significantly less loneliness than White PWH (t[99]=-2.39, Cohen’s d=-.48; p=.02). The multivariate regression model considering social activity showed a significant interaction (β=5.14 SE=1.99, p=.01), such that the positive association of social activity and global neurocognition was significant for White PWH (β=5.51, SE=1.54, p<.01) but not Latino PWH (β=0.37, SE=1.30, p=.77). A similar model considering loneliness also showed a significant interaction (β=-0.32 SE=.12, p=.01), such that the negative relationship between loneliness and neurocognition was significant for White PWH (β=-0.22, SE=.09, p=.01) but not Latino PWH (β=0.10, SE=.09, p=.27). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that both the quantity and quality of social engagements were associated with higher global neurocognition in older White PWH. Given the high rates of neurocognitive impairment in even virally suppressed White PWH, increasing the amount social engagement, or its quality, may help support their neurocognitive health. Contrary to expectations, there were no associations between social engagement and neurocognition for older Latino PWH. Due to notable HIV-related health disparities, it is feasible that other factors might have greater associations with neurocognition than social engagement for Latino PWH. Future longitudinal studies might shed light on the directionality of the relationship of social engagement with neurocognition in older White PWH, as well as investigate other risk factors that might contribute to neurocognitive disparities and that modify the association between social engagement and neurocognition in older Latino PWH.

Poster

02/16/2024
03:30 pm - 04:45 pm
Room: Majestic Complex (Posters 61-120)

Poster Session 09: Epilepsy | Oncology | MS | Infectious Disease

Final Abstract #113

The Quantity and Quality of Social Engagements are Differentially Associated with Neurocognition in Latino and Non-Latino White Older Adults with HIV

Crystal Wang, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Mariam Hussain, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Lize Tibiriçá, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Valarie Castellanos-Ponce, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Mariana Cherner, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Barton Palmer, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Lily Kamalyan, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
David Yassai-Gonzalez, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Anya Umlauf, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Lisa Barnes, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, United States
Robert Heaton, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Ronald Ellis, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
María Marquine, Duke University, Durham, United States

Category: Infectious Disease (HIV/COVID/Hepatitis/Viruses)

Keyword 1: HIV/AIDS
Keyword 2: cognitive functioning
Keyword 3: cross-cultural issues

Objective:

Older Hispanic/Latino/as/x (henceforth Latino) people with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment compared to non-Latino White (henceforth White) PWH. The present study aimed to investigate ethnic/racial differences in the quantity and quality of social engagement, and their association with neurocognition, among older Latino and White PWH.

Participants and Methods:

Participants included community-dwelling PWH age 50+ living in southern California (N=116; 50% Latino [53% Spanish-speaking] and 50% White; Age: M=58.0, SD=5.8; Education: M=13.3, SD=3.4; 82% male; 58% AIDS; 95% on antiretroviral therapy; 96% undetectable plasma RNA). Global neurocognition was derived from demographically adjusted T-scores using a battery of 10 tests with normative data available for English- and Spanish-speaking Latinos and non-Latino Whites. A self-report questionnaire assessed participation in eight social activities over the past year as a measure of the quantity of social engagements. A subset of participants (n=101, 53.47% Latino) completed the loneliness scale from the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery, which served as a self-report measure of the quality of social engagements. Independent sample t-tests were conducted to assess for ethnic differences in rates of social activity and loneliness. Multivariable regression models were conducted to examine whether the association between social engagement and neurocognition differed by ethnic group, with terms for social activity (or loneliness), ethnic group, and their interactions, adjusted for significant covariates (i.e., relevant demographics, HIV disease characteristics, and psychiatric comorbidities that differed between Latino and White PWH).

Results:

There were no significant ethnic differences in amount of engagement in social activities or type of social activity, but Latino PWH reported significantly less loneliness than White PWH (t[99]=-2.39, Cohen’s d=-.48; p=.02). The multivariate regression model considering social activity showed a significant interaction (β=5.14 SE=1.99, p=.01), such that the positive association of social activity and global neurocognition was significant for White PWH (β=5.51, SE=1.54, p<.01) but not Latino PWH (β=0.37, SE=1.30, p=.77). A similar model considering loneliness also showed a significant interaction (β=-0.32 SE=.12, p=.01), such that the negative relationship between loneliness and neurocognition was significant for White PWH (β=-0.22, SE=.09, p=.01) but not Latino PWH (β=0.10, SE=.09, p=.27).

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrated that both the quantity and quality of social engagements were associated with higher global neurocognition in older White PWH. Given the high rates of neurocognitive impairment in even virally suppressed White PWH, increasing the amount social engagement, or its quality, may help support their neurocognitive health. Contrary to expectations, there were no associations between social engagement and neurocognition for older Latino PWH. Due to notable HIV-related health disparities, it is feasible that other factors might have greater associations with neurocognition than social engagement for Latino PWH. Future longitudinal studies might shed light on the directionality of the relationship of social engagement with neurocognition in older White PWH, as well as investigate other risk factors that might contribute to neurocognitive disparities and that modify the association between social engagement and neurocognition in older Latino PWH.