INS NYC 2024 Program

Poster	Poster Session 03 Program Schedule 02/15/2024 09:30 am - 10:40 am Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60) Poster Session 03: Neurotrauma \| Neurovascular Final Abstract #43 Cognitive Function in HIV+ Adults After COVID-19: Comparison of Pre-Pandemic and Post-Infection Cognitive Test Performance Johnny Lopez, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States Jairo Gonzalez, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States Kaitlyn Greenwood, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States Desiree Byrd, Queens College: City University of New York (CUNY), Flushing, United States Susan Morgello, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States Category: Infectious Disease (HIV/COVID/Hepatitis/Viruses) Keyword 1: cognitive functioning Keyword 2: HIV/AIDS Keyword 3: neuropsychological assessment Objective: COVID-19 has been associated with cognitive dysfunction. While impairments have been well documented, this study is among the first to compare pre-pandemic and post-infection neurocognitive test performance. This study investigated potential short-term cognitive impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a NYC cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH). Participants and Methods: 122 racially diverse PLWH participating in the longitudinal Manhattan HIV Brain Bank study completed comprehensive in-person face-to-face neurocognitive test batteries before the pandemic between March 2018 and March 2020 (M_age=60.57), and during the pandemic between August 2020 and May 2023 (M_age=63.20). 49 participants were included in the COVID-19 positive group, 31 whom had laboratory documentation of infection (positive PCR or serum antibody positivity), and 18 who self-reported infection; 73 had no evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Average time between assessments was 32.2 months (SD=9.3) and average time between COVID-19 diagnosis and second assessment was 8.3 months (SD=6.7). Mixed design repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to compare performance between COVID positive and negative groups as well as across time points (pre- and post-pandemic) on eight cognitive domain T-scores and evaluate whether there is an interaction effect. Subsequently, mixed design repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to compare performance in participants exclusively with laboratory documentation of COVID infection, both between infection groups and across time points. Results: Improvements in performance across time points (pre- and post-pandemic) were observed for both Motor, F(1,89)=4.742,p=.032, (M_pre= 45.637, M_post= 47.525); and Memory Domains, F(1,118)=7.575, p=.007, (M_pre= 32.571, M_post= 35.119). However, no differences were observed between COVID-19 infection groups in either Motor, F(1,89)=.279, p=.599 or Memory Domain, F(1,118)=.002, p=.965 domains. Additionally, no interaction effect was observed in either Motor, F(1,89)=.046, p=.831 or Memory, F(1,118)=.672, p=.414. These results remained even after infection was narrowed to laboratory documentation only, namely improvements in performance across time points were observed for both Motor, F(1,73)=5.880, p=.018, (M_pre= 45.770, M_post= 48.283); and Memory, F(1,100)=4.754, p=.032, (M_pre= 32.226, M_post= 34.600). However, no differences were observed between COVID-19 infection groups in either Motor, F(1,73)=.009, p=.926 or Memory, F(1,100) =.000, p=.995 and no interaction effect was observed in either Motor, F(1,73)=.180, p=.673 or Memory, F(1,100)=1.972, p=.163. Conclusions: Slightly Improved performance on select cognitive domains was observed across time points which may be because of practice effect (i.e., improved performance in repeated attempts). However, we did not find evidence that history of COVID-19 infection contributed to these changes. This lack of effect may also be due to the relatively mild infections experienced by most participants who were vaccinated before data collection. Future research should explore other factors that may contribute to change in cognitive performance in PLWH with histories of COVID-19 infection, including symptom severity and effects of reinfection.

Poster

02/15/2024
09:30 am - 10:40 am
Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60)

Poster Session 03: Neurotrauma | Neurovascular

Final Abstract #43

Cognitive Function in HIV+ Adults After COVID-19: Comparison of Pre-Pandemic and Post-Infection Cognitive Test Performance

Johnny Lopez, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
Jairo Gonzalez, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
Kaitlyn Greenwood, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
Desiree Byrd, Queens College: City University of New York (CUNY), Flushing, United States
Susan Morgello, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States

Category: Infectious Disease (HIV/COVID/Hepatitis/Viruses)

Keyword 1: cognitive functioning
Keyword 2: HIV/AIDS
Keyword 3: neuropsychological assessment

Objective:

COVID-19 has been associated with cognitive dysfunction. While impairments have been well documented, this study is among the first to compare pre-pandemic and post-infection neurocognitive test performance. This study investigated potential short-term cognitive impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a NYC cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH).

Participants and Methods:

122 racially diverse PLWH participating in the longitudinal Manhattan HIV Brain Bank study completed comprehensive in-person face-to-face neurocognitive test batteries before the pandemic between March 2018 and March 2020 (M_age=60.57), and during the pandemic between August 2020 and May 2023 (M_age=63.20). 49 participants were included in the COVID-19 positive group, 31 whom had laboratory documentation of infection (positive PCR or serum antibody positivity), and 18 who self-reported infection; 73 had no evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Average time between assessments was 32.2 months (SD=9.3) and average time between COVID-19 diagnosis and second assessment was 8.3 months (SD=6.7). Mixed design repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to compare performance between COVID positive and negative groups as well as across time points (pre- and post-pandemic) on eight cognitive domain T-scores and evaluate whether there is an interaction effect. Subsequently, mixed design repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to compare performance in participants exclusively with laboratory documentation of COVID infection, both between infection groups and across time points.

Results:

Improvements in performance across time points (pre- and post-pandemic) were observed for both Motor, F(1,89)=4.742,p=.032, (M_pre= 45.637, M_post= 47.525); and Memory Domains, F(1,118)=7.575, p=.007, (M_pre= 32.571, M_post= 35.119). However, no differences were observed between COVID-19 infection groups in either Motor, F(1,89)=.279, p=.599 or Memory Domain, F(1,118)=.002, p=.965 domains. Additionally, no interaction effect was observed in either Motor, F(1,89)=.046, p=.831 or Memory, F(1,118)=.672, p=.414. These results remained even after infection was narrowed to laboratory documentation only, namely improvements in performance across time points were observed for both Motor, F(1,73)=5.880, p=.018, (M_pre= 45.770, M_post= 48.283); and Memory, F(1,100)=4.754, p=.032, (M_pre= 32.226, M_post= 34.600). However, no differences were observed between COVID-19 infection groups in either Motor, F(1,73)=.009, p=.926 or Memory, F(1,100) =.000, p=.995 and no interaction effect was observed in either Motor, F(1,73)=.180, p=.673 or Memory, F(1,100)=1.972, p=.163.

Conclusions:

Slightly Improved performance on select cognitive domains was observed across time points which may be because of practice effect (i.e., improved performance in repeated attempts). However, we did not find evidence that history of COVID-19 infection contributed to these changes. This lack of effect may also be due to the relatively mild infections experienced by most participants who were vaccinated before data collection. Future research should explore other factors that may contribute to change in cognitive performance in PLWH with histories of COVID-19 infection, including symptom severity and effects of reinfection.