INS NYC 2024 Program

Poster	Poster Session 08 Program Schedule 02/16/2024 01:45 pm - 03:00 pm Room: Majestic Complex (Posters 61-120) Poster Session 08: Cognition \| Cognitive Reserve Variables Final Abstract #65 Child Opportunity and Area Deprivation Indices Associations with Estimation of Premorbid Function in Children with Acquired Brain Injury Mary Simons, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States Paige Naylor, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States James Hoelzle, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States Michelle Loman, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States Elisabeth Vogt, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States Category: Acquired Brain Injury (TBI/Cerebrovascular Injury and Disease - Child) Keyword 1: child brain injury Keyword 2: pediatric neuropsychology Keyword 3: premorbid functioning Objective: Neuropsychological assessment of children with Acquired Brain Injuries (ABI) includes estimation of their premorbid functioning through caregiver rating and performance on neuropsychological measures not typically impacted by ABI, such as the Wide Range of Achievement Test (WRAT) reading subtest (Johnstone & Wilhelm, 2009; Orme, Johnstone, Hanks, & Novack, 2004). However, poverty and socioeconomic status is known to affect academic achievement as children in lower resourced areas tend to achieve lower reading scores (Sirin et al., 2005). To date, no research has investigated the intersection of social determinants of health (SDOH) estimation of pre-injury functioning. The current study uses two well-known SDOH measures: the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and the Child Opportunity Index (COI) to determine the association among area resources with the Adaptive Behavioral Assessment (ABAS-III) general adaptive composite (GAC) scores, and WRAT reading scores among children with ABIs. Participants and Methods: Participants were pulled from a larger sample of N=474 children admitted to Children’s Hospital Wisconsin with an ABI and included N = 198 [63% male, M_age= 13.9 (3.4)] children who completed the WRAT reading subtest to estimate pre-morbid cognitive functioning and N= 208 [60% male, M_age= 10.9 (5.5)] caregivers who completed the ABAS-III as a measure of their child’s pre-injury adaptive functioning. One-way ANOVAs were conducted to determine if there were significantly different WRAT reading scores and GAC scores among nationwide COI and ADI national decile (combined into 3 categories: decile 1-3 = low deprivation, 4-7 = medium deprivation, and 8-10= high deprivation); post-hoc analyses were conducted using Tukey’s b. Results: COI demonstrated significant differences in WRAT reading scores [F(4, 191)= 14.0, p= <.001, η²= .23] and ABAS GAC scores [F(4, 200)= 3.5, p= .009, η²= .07]. Children in high (WRAT M= 99.0, GAC M= 97.0) and very high (WRAT M= 99.7, GAC M= 97.6) opportunity areas demonstrated higher WRAT reading scores and GAC scores than children in very low (WRAT M= 82.3, GAC M= 88.7) opportunity areas and higher WRAT reading than moderate opportunity areas (WRAT M= 86.8). ADI levels demonstrated significantly different WRAT reading scores [F(2, 193) = 15.1, p= <.001, η²= .14] and ABAS GAC scores [F(2, 202) = 5.5, p= .005, η²= .05]. High deprivation areas (WRAT M= 85.1, GAC M= 90.3) and medium deprivation areas (WRAT M= 95.0, GAC M= 95.7) demonstrated lower WRAT reading scores and GAC scores than low deprivation areas (WRAT M= 101.2, GAC M= 100.2). Conclusions: This investigation found that the COI and ADI were associated with significant differences among WRAT and GAC scores, with higher resourced regions indicating better reading scores and rating of adaptive functioning. A key implication is that pre-injury estimation of functioning may be biased by a child’s area resources and access to education. Effect sizes suggest a stronger influence of area opportunity/deprivation on a child’s reading score, highlighting that caregiver ratings of functioning may be less prone to bias. Future research should investigate how neuropsychologists should optimally estimate pre-injury functioning and how these associations impact overall neuropsychological performance of children with ABI.

Poster

02/16/2024
01:45 pm - 03:00 pm
Room: Majestic Complex (Posters 61-120)

Poster Session 08: Cognition | Cognitive Reserve Variables

Final Abstract #65

Child Opportunity and Area Deprivation Indices Associations with Estimation of Premorbid Function in Children with Acquired Brain Injury

Mary Simons, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States
Paige Naylor, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
James Hoelzle, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States
Michelle Loman, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
Elisabeth Vogt, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States

Category: Acquired Brain Injury (TBI/Cerebrovascular Injury and Disease - Child)

Keyword 1: child brain injury
Keyword 2: pediatric neuropsychology
Keyword 3: premorbid functioning

Objective:

Neuropsychological assessment of children with Acquired Brain Injuries (ABI) includes estimation of their premorbid functioning through caregiver rating and performance on neuropsychological measures not typically impacted by ABI, such as the Wide Range of Achievement Test (WRAT) reading subtest (Johnstone & Wilhelm, 2009; Orme, Johnstone, Hanks, & Novack, 2004). However, poverty and socioeconomic status is known to affect academic achievement as children in lower resourced areas tend to achieve lower reading scores (Sirin et al., 2005). To date, no research has investigated the intersection of social determinants of health (SDOH) estimation of pre-injury functioning. The current study uses two well-known SDOH measures: the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and the Child Opportunity Index (COI) to determine the association among area resources with the Adaptive Behavioral Assessment (ABAS-III) general adaptive composite (GAC) scores, and WRAT reading scores among children with ABIs.

Participants and Methods:

Participants were pulled from a larger sample of N=474 children admitted to Children’s Hospital Wisconsin with an ABI and included N = 198 [63% male, M_age= 13.9 (3.4)] children who completed the WRAT reading subtest to estimate pre-morbid cognitive functioning and N= 208 [60% male, M_age= 10.9 (5.5)] caregivers who completed the ABAS-III as a measure of their child’s pre-injury adaptive functioning. One-way ANOVAs were conducted to determine if there were significantly different WRAT reading scores and GAC scores among nationwide COI and ADI national decile (combined into 3 categories: decile 1-3 = low deprivation, 4-7 = medium deprivation, and 8-10= high deprivation); post-hoc analyses were conducted using Tukey’s b.

Results:

COI demonstrated significant differences in WRAT reading scores [F(4, 191)= 14.0, p= <.001, η²= .23] and ABAS GAC scores [F(4, 200)= 3.5, p= .009, η²= .07]. Children in high (WRAT M= 99.0, GAC M= 97.0) and very high (WRAT M= 99.7, GAC M= 97.6) opportunity areas demonstrated higher WRAT reading scores and GAC scores than children in very low (WRAT M= 82.3, GAC M= 88.7) opportunity areas and higher WRAT reading than moderate opportunity areas (WRAT M= 86.8). ADI levels demonstrated significantly different WRAT reading scores [F(2, 193) = 15.1, p= <.001, η²= .14] and ABAS GAC scores [F(2, 202) = 5.5, p= .005, η²= .05]. High deprivation areas (WRAT M= 85.1, GAC M= 90.3) and medium deprivation areas (WRAT M= 95.0, GAC M= 95.7) demonstrated lower WRAT reading scores and GAC scores than low deprivation areas (WRAT M= 101.2, GAC M= 100.2).

Conclusions:

This investigation found that the COI and ADI were associated with significant differences among WRAT and GAC scores, with higher resourced regions indicating better reading scores and rating of adaptive functioning. A key implication is that pre-injury estimation of functioning may be biased by a child’s area resources and access to education. Effect sizes suggest a stronger influence of area opportunity/deprivation on a child’s reading score, highlighting that caregiver ratings of functioning may be less prone to bias. Future research should investigate how neuropsychologists should optimally estimate pre-injury functioning and how these associations impact overall neuropsychological performance of children with ABI.