INS NYC 2024 Program

Poster	Poster Session 08 Program Schedule 02/16/2024 01:45 pm - 03:00 pm Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60) Poster Session 08: Cognition \| Cognitive Reserve Variables Final Abstract #47 Perceived Psychosocial Disadvantage Predicts Cognitive Impairment in a Preliminary 10-year Follow-up to the Dallas Heart Study Anthony Longoria, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States Alyssa Kaser, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallaas, United States William Goette, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States Heidi Rossetti, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States C Cullum, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States Laura Lacritz, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States Category: Aging Keyword 1: aging (normal) Keyword 2: quality of life Keyword 3: cross-cultural issues Objective: While extensive research has evidenced the impact of objective socioeconomic status (SES) and socioeconomic disadvantage on cognitive impairment, subjective elements have been relatively understudied. Using preliminary data from a diverse probability-based community sample of adults, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of perceived psychosocial disadvantage compared to traditional proxies of SES and cardiovascular risk in predicting cognitive impairment approximately ten years later. Participants and Methods: Five hundred sixty-four participants [AgeX̄=62, Female=60%, Non-Hispanic Black=34%; Hispanic/Latinx=10.4%] completed both Phase 2 of the Dallas Heart Study (DHS-2; Time 1) and Phase 3 [Dallas Hearts and Minds Study (Time 2)] ten years later. Participants rated their perception of neighborhood quality (e.g., “How serious do you think the following factors are in your neighborhood: lack of access to adequate food shopping?”), cohesion (e.g., “People in my neighborhood can be trusted.”), and exposure to violence (e.g., “How often did you see or hear about a violent fight between neighbors?”) in addition to their ability to pay for basic needs and healthcare at Time 1. At Time 2, participants completed a brief neuropsychological battery and received a consensus diagnosis of Cognitively Impaired or Non-Impaired (based on review of cognitive data by two neuropsychologists). Participants with missing responses were removed and continuous variables were standardized. A logistic regression was performed to test whether perceived neighborhood quality at Time 1 predicted cognitive impairment at Time 2, controlling for demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity), objective proxies for SES (income, years of education), and Framingham cardiovascular risk score. Results: The overall model was significant (χ2(13)=75.86, p<.001, Nagelkereke R2=0.18). Perceptions of neighborhood quality (β=-0.47 , p<.001), exposure to violence (β=0.33, p=.02), ability to pay for healthcare, (β=-0.42, p<.02), and black race (β=0.63, p=.01) were significant in predicting the odds of an individual being classified as ‘impaired.’ Specifically, the likelihood of receiving an impaired diagnosis increased with lower reported neighborhood satisfaction (OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.47–0.84), higher reported neighborhood violence (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.06–1.82), and lower reported ability to pay for healthcare (OR= 66, 95% CI=0.47–0.92). Individuals identified as black were more likely to be classified as ‘impaired’ (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.15–3.05) compared with their white counterparts controlling for demographics, traditional SES proxies, perceived psychosocial disadvantage, and cardiovascular risk scores. Conclusions: An omnibus model predicting cognitive impairment that included demographic, psychosocial, and cardiovascular risk variables indicated that perceived neighborhood quality, exposure to violence, ability to afford healthcare, and black race at Time 1 contributed significant variance. Results extend prior cross-sectional research that has found associations between neighborhood disadvantage and cognition in adolescence and adulthood, showing these factors are associated with cognitive impairment approximately ten years later. Given the health risks of perceived psychosocial disadvantage on cognition over time, efforts to address root causes of these concerns while considering the disproportionate impact on individuals from marginalized populations has the potential to inform public health policy.

Poster

02/16/2024
01:45 pm - 03:00 pm
Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60)

Poster Session 08: Cognition | Cognitive Reserve Variables

Final Abstract #47

Perceived Psychosocial Disadvantage Predicts Cognitive Impairment in a Preliminary 10-year Follow-up to the Dallas Heart Study

Anthony Longoria, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
Alyssa Kaser, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallaas, United States
William Goette, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
Heidi Rossetti, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
C Cullum, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
Laura Lacritz, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States

Category: Aging

Keyword 1: aging (normal)
Keyword 2: quality of life
Keyword 3: cross-cultural issues

Objective:

While extensive research has evidenced the impact of objective socioeconomic status (SES) and socioeconomic disadvantage on cognitive impairment, subjective elements have been relatively understudied. Using preliminary data from a diverse probability-based community sample of adults, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of perceived psychosocial disadvantage compared to traditional proxies of SES and cardiovascular risk in predicting cognitive impairment approximately ten years later.

Participants and Methods:

Five hundred sixty-four participants [AgeX̄=62, Female=60%, Non-Hispanic Black=34%; Hispanic/Latinx=10.4%] completed both Phase 2 of the Dallas Heart Study (DHS-2; Time 1) and Phase 3 [Dallas Hearts and Minds Study (Time 2)] ten years later. Participants rated their perception of neighborhood quality (e.g., “How serious do you think the following factors are in your neighborhood: lack of access to adequate food shopping?”), cohesion (e.g., “People in my neighborhood can be trusted.”), and exposure to violence (e.g., “How often did you see or hear about a violent fight between neighbors?”) in addition to their ability to pay for basic needs and healthcare at Time 1. At Time 2, participants completed a brief neuropsychological battery and received a consensus diagnosis of Cognitively Impaired or Non-Impaired (based on review of cognitive data by two neuropsychologists). Participants with missing responses were removed and continuous variables were standardized. A logistic regression was performed to test whether perceived neighborhood quality at Time 1 predicted cognitive impairment at Time 2, controlling for demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity), objective proxies for SES (income, years of education), and Framingham cardiovascular risk score.

Results:

The overall model was significant (χ2(13)=75.86, p<.001, Nagelkereke R2=0.18). Perceptions of neighborhood quality (β=-0.47 , p<.001), exposure to violence (β=0.33, p=.02), ability to pay for healthcare, (β=-0.42, p<.02), and black race (β=0.63, p=.01) were significant in predicting the odds of an individual being classified as ‘impaired.’ Specifically, the likelihood of receiving an impaired diagnosis increased with lower reported neighborhood satisfaction (OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.47–0.84), higher reported neighborhood violence (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.06–1.82), and lower reported ability to pay for healthcare (OR= 66, 95% CI=0.47–0.92). Individuals identified as black were more likely to be classified as ‘impaired’ (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.15–3.05) compared with their white counterparts controlling for demographics, traditional SES proxies, perceived psychosocial disadvantage, and cardiovascular risk scores.

Conclusions:

An omnibus model predicting cognitive impairment that included demographic, psychosocial, and cardiovascular risk variables indicated that perceived neighborhood quality, exposure to violence, ability to afford healthcare, and black race at Time 1 contributed significant variance. Results extend prior cross-sectional research that has found associations between neighborhood disadvantage and cognition in adolescence and adulthood, showing these factors are associated with cognitive impairment approximately ten years later. Given the health risks of perceived psychosocial disadvantage on cognition over time, efforts to address root causes of these concerns while considering the disproportionate impact on individuals from marginalized populations has the potential to inform public health policy.