INS NYC 2024 Program

Poster	Poster Session 08 Program Schedule 02/16/2024 01:45 pm - 03:00 pm Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60) Poster Session 08: Cognition \| Cognitive Reserve Variables Final Abstract #9 Advancing the Understanding of Factors that Influence Neuropsychological Functioning in Pediatric Kidney Failure Christopher Anzalone, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States Danielle Glad, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States Finola Kane-Grade, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States Michael Evans, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States Sarah Kizilbash, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States Lidan Gu, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States Category: Medical/Neurological Disorders/Other (Child) Keyword 1: intellectual functioning Keyword 2: medical disorders/illness Keyword 3: child development disorders Objective: Children with chronic health issues, such as kidney disease, are susceptible to neurocognitive delays and neuropsychological impairments that are influenced by physiological and/or environmental factors (Bremer et. al., 1997; Duquette et. al., 2007; Fennell et. al., 1990). Research has also highlighted racial and socioeconomic (SES) disparities in medical treatments and outcomes for children with chronic medical conditions (Hiraki et. al., 2009; Ku et.al., 2017). Notably, within the context of pediatric kidney failure (KF), differences in prevalence, treatment, and access to transplants have been observed between different racial/ethnic groups (Ku et. al., 2017). However, our understanding of how these imbalances impact the neuropsychological development of children with KF is limited. This study aims to elucidate the influence of environmental and social factors on the neurocognitive development in children with KF. Specifically, it examines trends in cognitive functioning in pediatric patients with KF, considering their racial/ethnic backgrounds and socioeconomic statuses. By exploring these trends, the study aims to enhance our understanding of how environmental and social factors can impact neuropsychological outcomes within this population. Participants and Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for 100 children and adolescents with KF (Mage= 9.29, 48% females, 69% White, 48% private insurance) who underwent a pre-kidney transplant neuropsychological evaluation in a clinical setting. Cognitive abilities were measured using age-appropriate standardized measures (i.e., Bayley-3, WPPSI-IV, WISC-IV, WISC-V, and WAIS-IV). Analyses examining differences and trends in cognitive performance based on race/ethnicity (i.e., White and Children-of-Color) and insurance type (used as indicator of SES; i.e., public and private), were explored using chi-square tests. Results: Results indicate that both race and insurance type were significantly associated with IQ scores less than 85 for children with KF (i.e., greater than one standard deviation below the population mean). Specifically, a greater proportion of Children-of-Color scored below 85, compared to White children (52% and 30% respectively, p=.043), and a greater proportion of children with public insurance scored below 85 compared to those with private insurance (48% and 26% respectively, p=.021). Conclusions: Cognitive functioning among children is known to be influenced by environmental and social factors such as race/ethnicity and SES (Weiss & Saklofske 2020). Findings from the current study suggest that, among children with KF, cognitive development is negatively influenced by being a child of a minority race, and by possessing public insurance – indicative of lower SES. These findings demonstrate the differential impacts to neuropsychological functioning that environmental factors can have on children with KF from diverse backgrounds. Importantly, these findings offer valuable insights for providers to develop targeted preventative interventions aimed at addressing and reducing outcome disparities for at-risk children with KF.

Poster

02/16/2024
01:45 pm - 03:00 pm
Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60)

Poster Session 08: Cognition | Cognitive Reserve Variables

Final Abstract #9

Advancing the Understanding of Factors that Influence Neuropsychological Functioning in Pediatric Kidney Failure

Christopher Anzalone, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
Danielle Glad, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
Finola Kane-Grade, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
Michael Evans, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
Sarah Kizilbash, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
Lidan Gu, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States

Category: Medical/Neurological Disorders/Other (Child)

Keyword 1: intellectual functioning
Keyword 2: medical disorders/illness
Keyword 3: child development disorders

Objective:

Children with chronic health issues, such as kidney disease, are susceptible to neurocognitive delays and neuropsychological impairments that are influenced by physiological and/or environmental factors (Bremer et. al., 1997; Duquette et. al., 2007; Fennell et. al., 1990). Research has also highlighted racial and socioeconomic (SES) disparities in medical treatments and outcomes for children with chronic medical conditions (Hiraki et. al., 2009; Ku et.al., 2017). Notably, within the context of pediatric kidney failure (KF), differences in prevalence, treatment, and access to transplants have been observed between different racial/ethnic groups (Ku et. al., 2017). However, our understanding of how these imbalances impact the neuropsychological development of children with KF is limited. This study aims to elucidate the influence of environmental and social factors on the neurocognitive development in children with KF. Specifically, it examines trends in cognitive functioning in pediatric patients with KF, considering their racial/ethnic backgrounds and socioeconomic statuses. By exploring these trends, the study aims to enhance our understanding of how environmental and social factors can impact neuropsychological outcomes within this population.

Participants and Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted for 100 children and adolescents with KF (Mage= 9.29, 48% females, 69% White, 48% private insurance) who underwent a pre-kidney transplant neuropsychological evaluation in a clinical setting. Cognitive abilities were measured using age-appropriate standardized measures (i.e., Bayley-3, WPPSI-IV, WISC-IV, WISC-V, and WAIS-IV). Analyses examining differences and trends in cognitive performance based on race/ethnicity (i.e., White and Children-of-Color) and insurance type (used as indicator of SES; i.e., public and private), were explored using chi-square tests.

Results:

Results indicate that both race and insurance type were significantly associated with IQ scores less than 85 for children with KF (i.e., greater than one standard deviation below the population mean). Specifically, a greater proportion of Children-of-Color scored below 85, compared to White children (52% and 30% respectively, p=.043), and a greater proportion of children with public insurance scored below 85 compared to those with private insurance (48% and 26% respectively, p=.021).

Conclusions:

Cognitive functioning among children is known to be influenced by environmental and social factors such as race/ethnicity and SES (Weiss & Saklofske 2020). Findings from the current study suggest that, among children with KF, cognitive development is negatively influenced by being a child of a minority race, and by possessing public insurance – indicative of lower SES. These findings demonstrate the differential impacts to neuropsychological functioning that environmental factors can have on children with KF from diverse backgrounds. Importantly, these findings offer valuable insights for providers to develop targeted preventative interventions aimed at addressing and reducing outcome disparities for at-risk children with KF.