INS NYC 2024 Program

Poster	Poster Session 06 Program Schedule 02/15/2024 04:00 pm - 05:15 pm Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60) Poster Session 06: Aging \| MCI \| Neurodegenerative Disease - PART 2 Final Abstract #44 Time-Based Prospective Memory Predicts Overestimation of Performance Speed on Functional Tasks Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Michelle Gereau Mora, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States Yanet Matos Roig, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States Yana Suchy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States Category: Aging Keyword 1: executive functions Keyword 2: metacognition Keyword 3: memory: prospective Objective: Much research has demonstrated the fallibility of self-reports of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) among seemingly cognitively intact older adults (Harty et al., 2013; McAlister & Schmitter-Edgecombe, 2016; Suchy et al., 2011; Weakley et al., 2019), thus suggesting varying self-appraisal accuracy or “insight” and, consequently, a potential for diminished independence (Hertzog & Jopp, 2010; Shaked et al., 2019). How accurately older adults self-appraise their own speed of IADL performance may be of particular relevance for functional independence, as evidence suggests that slowed speed provides unique information, not captured by errors, in predicting subtle deficits in this population (Gregory et al., 2009; Lassen-Greene et al., 2017; Wadley et al., 2008). In fact, a recent study found that community-dwelling older adults tended to overestimate their speed of performance on IADL tasks (Gereau Mora & Suchy, 2023). Insight about one’s own performance has been linked to prospective memory (PM; Kuhlmann, 2019), broadly defined as the ability to remember to carry out previously-planned actions at a specified later point (Rummel & McDaniel, 2019), which has been deemed essential to functional independence during aging (Cavuoto et al., 2017; Hering et al., 2018; Kliegel et al., 2008; Tierney et al., 2016). Additionally, PM and insight are supported by overlapping brain regions within the rostral/anterior lateral pre-frontal cortex (Baird et al., 2013; Burgess et al., 2008; Fleming et al., 2014; Picton et al., 2006; Volle et al., 2011). Thus, the aim of the study is to examine the relationship between PM and how accurately nondemented older adults appraise the speed of their IADL performance. Participants and Methods: Ninety non-demented community-dwelling older adults (M age = 69 years; 70% female, 30% male; 86.7% non-Hispanic, 5.6% Hispanic, 7.8% undisclosed; 92.2% White, 1.1% multiple races, 2.2% other, 4.5% undisclosed) completed performance-based IADLs, two types of PM tasks (time- and event-based, hereafter “PM-time” and “PM-event”), and measures of executive functioning (EF). Age-adjusted time to complete IADL tasks (“IADL performance”), an average of each participant’s judgements about their speed relative to others of similar age (“average self-appraisal”), and PM-time and PM-event scores were computed. Results: A mixed model repeated measure ANOVA was run using IADL performance and average self-appraisal as the dependent variables and “insight” (i.e., discrepancy between the two dependent variables) as the within-group factor. When entered individually, PM-time (F(1,88)=12.02, p>.001, η_p²=.120) and PM-event (F(1,88)=5.42, p=.022, η_p²=.058) each significantly interacted with the insight factor; however, only PM-time continued to interact with insight (F(1,85)=5.05, p=.027, η_p²=.056) beyond PM-event (p=.05), as well as overall EF and lower-order component processes (p values>.05). Results held after including cognitive status, age, and education in the model. Conclusions: Results suggest that seemingly cognitively healthy older adults with poorer time-based prospective memory may be at risk for inaccurate self-appraisals of their own daily functioning, and in particular the efficiency with which they are able to complete IADLs.

Poster

02/15/2024
04:00 pm - 05:15 pm
Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60)

Poster Session 06: Aging | MCI | Neurodegenerative Disease - PART 2

Final Abstract #44

Time-Based Prospective Memory Predicts Overestimation of Performance Speed on Functional Tasks Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Michelle Gereau Mora, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
Yanet Matos Roig, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
Yana Suchy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States

Category: Aging

Keyword 1: executive functions
Keyword 2: metacognition
Keyword 3: memory: prospective

Objective:

Much research has demonstrated the fallibility of self-reports of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) among seemingly cognitively intact older adults (Harty et al., 2013; McAlister & Schmitter-Edgecombe, 2016; Suchy et al., 2011; Weakley et al., 2019), thus suggesting varying self-appraisal accuracy or “insight” and, consequently, a potential for diminished independence (Hertzog & Jopp, 2010; Shaked et al., 2019). How accurately older adults self-appraise their own speed of IADL performance may be of particular relevance for functional independence, as evidence suggests that slowed speed provides unique information, not captured by errors, in predicting subtle deficits in this population (Gregory et al., 2009; Lassen-Greene et al., 2017; Wadley et al., 2008). In fact, a recent study found that community-dwelling older adults tended to overestimate their speed of performance on IADL tasks (Gereau Mora & Suchy, 2023). Insight about one’s own performance has been linked to prospective memory (PM; Kuhlmann, 2019), broadly defined as the ability to remember to carry out previously-planned actions at a specified later point (Rummel & McDaniel, 2019), which has been deemed essential to functional independence during aging (Cavuoto et al., 2017; Hering et al., 2018; Kliegel et al., 2008; Tierney et al., 2016). Additionally, PM and insight are supported by overlapping brain regions within the rostral/anterior lateral pre-frontal cortex (Baird et al., 2013; Burgess et al., 2008; Fleming et al., 2014; Picton et al., 2006; Volle et al., 2011). Thus, the aim of the study is to examine the relationship between PM and how accurately nondemented older adults appraise the speed of their IADL performance.

Participants and Methods:

Ninety non-demented community-dwelling older adults (M age = 69 years; 70% female, 30% male; 86.7% non-Hispanic, 5.6% Hispanic, 7.8% undisclosed; 92.2% White, 1.1% multiple races, 2.2% other, 4.5% undisclosed) completed performance-based IADLs, two types of PM tasks (time- and event-based, hereafter “PM-time” and “PM-event”), and measures of executive functioning (EF). Age-adjusted time to complete IADL tasks (“IADL performance”), an average of each participant’s judgements about their speed relative to others of similar age (“average self-appraisal”), and PM-time and PM-event scores were computed.

Results:

A mixed model repeated measure ANOVA was run using IADL performance and average self-appraisal as the dependent variables and “insight” (i.e., discrepancy between the two dependent variables) as the within-group factor. When entered individually, PM-time (F(1,88)=12.02, p>.001, η_p²=.120) and PM-event (F(1,88)=5.42, p=.022, η_p²=.058) each significantly interacted with the insight factor; however, only PM-time continued to interact with insight (F(1,85)=5.05, p=.027, η_p²=.056) beyond PM-event (p=.05), as well as overall EF and lower-order component processes (p values>.05). Results held after including cognitive status, age, and education in the model.

Conclusions:

Results suggest that seemingly cognitively healthy older adults with poorer time-based prospective memory may be at risk for inaccurate self-appraisals of their own daily functioning, and in particular the efficiency with which they are able to complete IADLs.