INS NYC 2024 Program

Poster	Poster Session 05 Program Schedule 02/15/2024 02:30 pm - 03:45 pm Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60) Poster Session 05: Neuropsychiatry \| Addiction/Dependence \| Stress/Coping \| Emotional/Social Processes Final Abstract #33 Interactional Effects of ADHD Diagnosis and Dysregulation in the Association Between Family Factors and Cortical-Subcortical Resting-State Functional Connectivity Kathleen Feeney, Florida International University, Miami, United States Rosario Pintos Lobo, Florida International University, Miami, United States Julio Peraza, Florida International University, Miami, United States Timothy Hayes, Florida International University, Miami, United States Amanda Morris, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, United States Raul Gonzalez, Florida International University, Miami, United States Angela Laird, Florida International University, Miami, United States Erica Musser, Florida International University, Miami, United States Category: Emotion Regulation Keyword 1: emotional processes Keyword 2: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Keyword 3: neuroimaging: functional connectivity Objective: Emerging work has examined how familial factors influence the amygdala and prefrontal cortex or PFC, involved in emotion regulation (ER).¹ ER difficulties contribute to functional impairment among youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).² While family factors consistently predict behavioral ER among youth with and without ADHD,^2-5 less is known regarding associations with ER-related resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc). Extant work implicates functional connectivity between the amygdala and 1) ventromedial PFC in emotional reactivity (implicit ER), and 2) dorsolateral PFC in cognitive control of emotion (explicit ER),⁶ key nodes within the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN), respectively. Although prior studies have shown atypical rs-fc within these regions due to family factors,^7-8 ADHD diagnosis,⁹ and dysregulation,¹⁰ their combined influences have not yet been studied. The current study examined ADHD diagnosis and dysregulation as moderators of the association between family factors and DMN/FPN-amygdalae rs-fc among youth with and without ADHD. Participants and Methods: 4,673 youth (9-10 years; 915 with ADHD) and their caregivers participated in the ABCD Study baseline visit. The sample included the oldest or only child in the family to minimize family-based interdependence effects. Youth functional connectivity data were acquired during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at rest. Correlations between the DMN/FPN and bilateral amygdalae were examined. Caregivers reported on clinical symptoms via the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia,¹¹ dysregulation via the Child Behavior Checklist-dysregulation profile (CBCL-DP; i.e., sum of Anxious/Depressed, Aggressive Behavior, and Attention Problems subscale T scores)^12-13 and conflict amongst family members via the Family Conflict Subscale of the Family Environment Scale.¹⁴ Youth reported on caregiver warmth and monitoring via the Child Report of Parental Behavior Inventory warmth subscale¹⁵ and Parental Monitoring Survey,¹⁶ respectively. Regression-based moderation analyses were conducted to examine associations between family factors, ADHD diagnosis, dysregulation, and DMN/FPN-amygdalae rs-fc. Results: Across all youth, primary caregiver warmth was positively associated with DMN-right amygdala (RA; B=.04, p=.01) rs-fc and negatively associated with FPN-left amygdala (LA; B=-.03, p=.03) rs-fc when controlling for age, anxiety, conduct and oppositional defiant disorder, other family factors, pubertal status, race/ethnicity, sex, and data acquisition site. Family conflict and caregiver monitoring were not associated with DMN- or FPN-amygdalae rs-fc; however, higher family conflict predicted stronger, negative DMN-RA rs-fc among youth with ADHD and weaker connectivity among typically developing youth (B=-.07, p=.03). Similarly, increasing family conflict was associated with weaker, positive FPN-RA rs-fc among highly dysregulated youth and stronger connectivity among less dysregulated youth (B=-.29, p=.04). Conclusions: Primary caregiver warmth was directly associated with rs-fc, which may suggest a more straightforward pathway from positive family contexts to ER-related rs-fc. Interestingly, family conflict was associated with stronger, negative DMN-RA rs-fc among youth with ADHD and weaker FPN-RA rs-fc among those with high dysregulation, elucidating differential pathways from family conflict to implicit and explicit ER-related rs-fc, respectively. Of note, effect sizes across results were small, requiring replication. This study had several methodological limitations (e.g., cross-sectional, only included rs-fc data); thus, future studies should examine caregiver factors and task-based rs-fc as well as associations over time.

Poster

02/15/2024
02:30 pm - 03:45 pm
Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60)

Poster Session 05: Neuropsychiatry | Addiction/Dependence | Stress/Coping | Emotional/Social Processes

Final Abstract #33

Interactional Effects of ADHD Diagnosis and Dysregulation in the Association Between Family Factors and Cortical-Subcortical Resting-State Functional Connectivity

Kathleen Feeney, Florida International University, Miami, United States
Rosario Pintos Lobo, Florida International University, Miami, United States
Julio Peraza, Florida International University, Miami, United States
Timothy Hayes, Florida International University, Miami, United States
Amanda Morris, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, United States
Raul Gonzalez, Florida International University, Miami, United States
Angela Laird, Florida International University, Miami, United States
Erica Musser, Florida International University, Miami, United States

Category: Emotion Regulation

Keyword 1: emotional processes
Keyword 2: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Keyword 3: neuroimaging: functional connectivity

Objective:

Emerging work has examined how familial factors influence the amygdala and prefrontal cortex or PFC, involved in emotion regulation (ER).¹ ER difficulties contribute to functional impairment among youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).² While family factors consistently predict behavioral ER among youth with and without ADHD,^2-5 less is known regarding associations with ER-related resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc). Extant work implicates functional connectivity between the amygdala and 1) ventromedial PFC in emotional reactivity (implicit ER), and 2) dorsolateral PFC in cognitive control of emotion (explicit ER),⁶ key nodes within the default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN), respectively. Although prior studies have shown atypical rs-fc within these regions due to family factors,^7-8 ADHD diagnosis,⁹ and dysregulation,¹⁰ their combined influences have not yet been studied. The current study examined ADHD diagnosis and dysregulation as moderators of the association between family factors and DMN/FPN-amygdalae rs-fc among youth with and without ADHD.

Participants and Methods:

4,673 youth (9-10 years; 915 with ADHD) and their caregivers participated in the ABCD Study baseline visit. The sample included the oldest or only child in the family to minimize family-based interdependence effects. Youth functional connectivity data were acquired during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan at rest. Correlations between the DMN/FPN and bilateral amygdalae were examined. Caregivers reported on clinical symptoms via the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia,¹¹ dysregulation via the Child Behavior Checklist-dysregulation profile (CBCL-DP; i.e., sum of Anxious/Depressed, Aggressive Behavior, and Attention Problems subscale T scores)^12-13 and conflict amongst family members via the Family Conflict Subscale of the Family Environment Scale.¹⁴ Youth reported on caregiver warmth and monitoring via the Child Report of Parental Behavior Inventory warmth subscale¹⁵ and Parental Monitoring Survey,¹⁶ respectively. Regression-based moderation analyses were conducted to examine associations between family factors, ADHD diagnosis, dysregulation, and DMN/FPN-amygdalae rs-fc.

Results:

Across all youth, primary caregiver warmth was positively associated with DMN-right amygdala (RA; B=.04, p=.01) rs-fc and negatively associated with FPN-left amygdala (LA; B=-.03, p=.03) rs-fc when controlling for age, anxiety, conduct and oppositional defiant disorder, other family factors, pubertal status, race/ethnicity, sex, and data acquisition site. Family conflict and caregiver monitoring were not associated with DMN- or FPN-amygdalae rs-fc; however, higher family conflict predicted stronger, negative DMN-RA rs-fc among youth with ADHD and weaker connectivity among typically developing youth (B=-.07, p=.03). Similarly, increasing family conflict was associated with weaker, positive FPN-RA rs-fc among highly dysregulated youth and stronger connectivity among less dysregulated youth (B=-.29, p=.04).

Conclusions:

Primary caregiver warmth was directly associated with rs-fc, which may suggest a more straightforward pathway from positive family contexts to ER-related rs-fc. Interestingly, family conflict was associated with stronger, negative DMN-RA rs-fc among youth with ADHD and weaker FPN-RA rs-fc among those with high dysregulation, elucidating differential pathways from family conflict to implicit and explicit ER-related rs-fc, respectively. Of note, effect sizes across results were small, requiring replication. This study had several methodological limitations (e.g., cross-sectional, only included rs-fc data); thus, future studies should examine caregiver factors and task-based rs-fc as well as associations over time.