INS NYC 2024 Program

Poster	Poster Session 03 Program Schedule 02/15/2024 09:30 am - 10:40 am Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60) Poster Session 03: Neurotrauma \| Neurovascular Final Abstract #54 Sleep Quality, Affect Intensity, and Attention after TBI Sarah Patrick, Wayne State University Psychology Department, Detroit, United States Nika Eringros, Wayne State University Psychology Department, Detroit, United States Gavin Sanders, Wayne State University Psychology Department, Detroit, United States Robiann Broomfield, Wayne State University Psychology Department, Detroit, United States Robin Hanks, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, United States Lisa Rapport, Wayne State University Psychology Department, Detroit, United States Category: Acquired Brain Injury (TBI/Cerebrovascular Injury and Disease - Adult) Keyword 1: traumatic brain injury Keyword 2: emotional processes Keyword 3: sleep Objective: Sleep disruption is common after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and poor sleep may exacerbate vulnerabilities in cognition and emotion processing commonly observed after significant TBI. These individuals frequently struggle to regulate their experiences of emotion. Affect intensity is a quality of emotion processing that reflects the strength with which individuals experience emotions, separate from positive or negative valence (Larsen & Diener, 1987). No prior research has examined the role of emotion processing such as affect intensity on cognitive function in the context of sleep quality after TBI. We hypothesized that sleep disruption would be positively associated with affect intensity, and both sleep and affect intensity would contribute to problems in attention. Participants and Methods: Participants included 305 adults: 112 patients who experienced moderate to severe TBI and 193 neurologically-healthy comparisons (HC). This is archival research that combines participants from two studies who completed common self-report measures and WAIS-IV Digit Span (DS). The Affect Intensity Measure (AIM) comprises four scales assessing strength of emotional experience: Positive Affectivity (PA), Negative Reactivity (NR), Negative Intensity (NI), and Positive Intensity (PI). Participants were asked if they slept normally the night before the evaluation. Results: Mixed-model ANOVA with group membership (TBI vs. HC) and sleep disruption (abnormal, normal) as between-subjects factors, and AIM scales as a within-subject factor indicated a three-way interaction (p = .037, eta-squared = .03). Post hoc analyses indicated that, for HC, participants who reported disrupted sleep did not show significant differences in AIM from those who reported normal sleep the night before. In contrast, for TBI, disrupted sleep was associated with significantly higher NR and NI, and significantly lower PI. Multiple regression analyses tested the contributions of affect intensity and sleep in predicting attention (DS-Forward) and working memory (DS-Backward), accounting for demographic characteristics (age, education) and trait positive and negative affectivity (PANAS PA and NA). For DS-Forward, F(10,293) = 4.84, p < .001, R²= .13. AIM-NI, AIM-PI, and education each accounted for unique variance in the model (all p < .03). Age, PA, NA, group, sleep status, AIM-PA, and AIM-NR were not significant (ps > .09). For DS-Backward, F(10,293) = 4.41, p < .001, R²= .13. Education, age, and AIM-NI accounted for unique variance in the model (ps < .05). Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of a good night’s sleep before an evaluation, especially among people already vulnerable due to neurological injury. The hypothesis was partly supported: Disrupted sleep was associated with differences in affect intensity among people with TBI but not among healthy adults without TBI. People with TBI who reported disrupted sleep experienced heightened negative reactivity and negative intensity, and diminished positive intensity compared to those who slept normally the night before. Affect intensity was related to attention and working memory, even considering demographics and affect valence. Routinely inquiring about sleep quality is important in the context of assessment and also for its general influence on emotional and cognitive function. Future research should study benefits of interventions like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on these outcomes.

Poster

02/15/2024
09:30 am - 10:40 am
Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60)

Poster Session 03: Neurotrauma | Neurovascular

Final Abstract #54

Sleep Quality, Affect Intensity, and Attention after TBI

Sarah Patrick, Wayne State University Psychology Department, Detroit, United States
Nika Eringros, Wayne State University Psychology Department, Detroit, United States
Gavin Sanders, Wayne State University Psychology Department, Detroit, United States
Robiann Broomfield, Wayne State University Psychology Department, Detroit, United States
Robin Hanks, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, United States
Lisa Rapport, Wayne State University Psychology Department, Detroit, United States

Category: Acquired Brain Injury (TBI/Cerebrovascular Injury and Disease - Adult)

Keyword 1: traumatic brain injury
Keyword 2: emotional processes
Keyword 3: sleep

Objective:

Sleep disruption is common after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and poor sleep may exacerbate vulnerabilities in cognition and emotion processing commonly observed after significant TBI. These individuals frequently struggle to regulate their experiences of emotion. Affect intensity is a quality of emotion processing that reflects the strength with which individuals experience emotions, separate from positive or negative valence (Larsen & Diener, 1987). No prior research has examined the role of emotion processing such as affect intensity on cognitive function in the context of sleep quality after TBI. We hypothesized that sleep disruption would be positively associated with affect intensity, and both sleep and affect intensity would contribute to problems in attention.

Participants and Methods:

Participants included 305 adults: 112 patients who experienced moderate to severe TBI and 193 neurologically-healthy comparisons (HC). This is archival research that combines participants from two studies who completed common self-report measures and WAIS-IV Digit Span (DS). The Affect Intensity Measure (AIM) comprises four scales assessing strength of emotional experience: Positive Affectivity (PA), Negative Reactivity (NR), Negative Intensity (NI), and Positive Intensity (PI). Participants were asked if they slept normally the night before the evaluation.

Results:

Mixed-model ANOVA with group membership (TBI vs. HC) and sleep disruption (abnormal, normal) as between-subjects factors, and AIM scales as a within-subject factor indicated a three-way interaction (p = .037, eta-squared = .03). Post hoc analyses indicated that, for HC, participants who reported disrupted sleep did not show significant differences in AIM from those who reported normal sleep the night before. In contrast, for TBI, disrupted sleep was associated with significantly higher NR and NI, and significantly lower PI.

Multiple regression analyses tested the contributions of affect intensity and sleep in predicting attention (DS-Forward) and working memory (DS-Backward), accounting for demographic characteristics (age, education) and trait positive and negative affectivity (PANAS PA and NA). For DS-Forward, F(10,293) = 4.84, p < .001, R²= .13. AIM-NI, AIM-PI, and education each accounted for unique variance in the model (all p < .03). Age, PA, NA, group, sleep status, AIM-PA, and AIM-NR were not significant (ps > .09). For DS-Backward, F(10,293) = 4.41, p < .001, R²= .13. Education, age, and AIM-NI accounted for unique variance in the model (ps < .05).

Conclusions:

The findings highlight the importance of a good night’s sleep before an evaluation, especially among people already vulnerable due to neurological injury. The hypothesis was partly supported: Disrupted sleep was associated with differences in affect intensity among people with TBI but not among healthy adults without TBI. People with TBI who reported disrupted sleep experienced heightened negative reactivity and negative intensity, and diminished positive intensity compared to those who slept normally the night before. Affect intensity was related to attention and working memory, even considering demographics and affect valence. Routinely inquiring about sleep quality is important in the context of assessment and also for its general influence on emotional and cognitive function. Future research should study benefits of interventions like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on these outcomes.