INS NYC 2024 Program

Poster	Poster Session 01 Program Schedule 02/14/2024 02:30 pm - 03:45 pm Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60) Poster Session 01: Cognitive, Psychotherapeutic, and Psychosocial Intervention/Rehabilitation Final Abstract #50 Developmental Changes in Intrasubject Variability and Cortico-Striatal Functional Connectivity in Youth with ADHD Keri Rosch, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, United States Leona He, Child Mind Institute, New York, United States Fu Wang, Child Mind Institute, New York, United States Jacob DeRosa, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States Stewart Mostofsky, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, United States Aki Nikolaidis, Child Mind Institute, New York, United States Category: ADHD/Attentional Functions Keyword 1: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Keyword 2: cognitive control Keyword 3: brain development Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments in cognitive control, including higher intrasubject variability (ISV) of reaction time, thought to reflect attention dysregulation. Although this finding is ubiquitous in the extant ADHD neuropsychology literature, there are substantial gaps in understanding of developmental changes in ISV among youth with ADHD from childhood into adolescence and in associations with brain development. This study aims to characterize age-related changes in ISV and functional connectivity (FC) of cortico-subcortical neural circuitry, as well as brain-behavior associations, among youth with ADHD relative to typically developing (TD) controls. Participants and Methods: 405 youth with ADHD (n=140 males, 61 females) and TD controls (n=144, 59 females) between the ages of 8-17 years completed two go/no-go tasks with differential working memory load and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan either at a single visit (n=322) or multiple visits (n=83). ISV was examined using the ex-Gaussian parameter, tau, indexing infrequent, slow responses thought to reflect attentional lapses. General additive models (GAMs) were applied to test for the effects of ADHD diagnosis and sex on age-related change in ISV. Functional MRI analyses focused on intrinsic FC of striatal subregions (motor, limbic, executive) with frontal cortical regions in relation to age, ADHD, sex, and ISV. Covariates in the FC analyses include framewise displacement (an index of head motion), scan length, IQ, comorbid diagnosis (oppositional defiant disorder, depression, anxiety), and medication (stimulant, which was discontinued for lab visits, and non-stimulant, which was taken as usual for lab visits). Results: On the standard GNG with minimal demands on working memory, children with ADHD displayed higher ISV than TD children (p<.001), and ISV decreased with age (p<.001), with no evidence of differential change with age in ADHD vs. TD groups (F<1). Among males, diagnostic groups differed between the ages of 8-15 years, whereas among females, differences were observed between the ages of 10-16 years. Similarly, on the count GNG with greater working memory demand, children with ADHD displayed higher ISV than TD children (p<.001), and ISV decreased with age (p<.001), with no evidence of differential change with age in ADHD vs. TD groups (F<1). Among males and females, diagnostic groups differed at all ages (8-18 years). FC analyses revealed: (1) positive age effects for cortico-limbic and -executive striatum and negative age effects for cortico-motor striatum and (2) greater FC of all cortico-striatal circuits in youth with ADHD than TD youth that was driven by males and did not vary by age. Regarding FC-ISV relationships, there were no significant effects for the standard GNG. However, for count GNG, ISV was negatively associated with FC of all cortico-striatal circuits, whereas age-related changes in ISV were positively associated with FC of the cortico-limbic striatum and negatively associated with FC of the cortico-motor striatum. Conclusions: Higher ISV in ADHD persists across development and is differentially associated with developmental changes in functionally connectivity of motor and executive striatal subregions with cortical networks.

Poster

02/14/2024
02:30 pm - 03:45 pm
Room: Shubert Complex (Posters 1-60)

Poster Session 01: Cognitive, Psychotherapeutic, and Psychosocial Intervention/Rehabilitation

Final Abstract #50

Developmental Changes in Intrasubject Variability and Cortico-Striatal Functional Connectivity in Youth with ADHD

Keri Rosch, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, United States
Leona He, Child Mind Institute, New York, United States
Fu Wang, Child Mind Institute, New York, United States
Jacob DeRosa, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
Stewart Mostofsky, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, United States
Aki Nikolaidis, Child Mind Institute, New York, United States

Category: ADHD/Attentional Functions

Keyword 1: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Keyword 2: cognitive control
Keyword 3: brain development

Objective:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments in cognitive control, including higher intrasubject variability (ISV) of reaction time, thought to reflect attention dysregulation. Although this finding is ubiquitous in the extant ADHD neuropsychology literature, there are substantial gaps in understanding of developmental changes in ISV among youth with ADHD from childhood into adolescence and in associations with brain development. This study aims to characterize age-related changes in ISV and functional connectivity (FC) of cortico-subcortical neural circuitry, as well as brain-behavior associations, among youth with ADHD relative to typically developing (TD) controls.

Participants and Methods:

405 youth with ADHD (n=140 males, 61 females) and TD controls (n=144, 59 females) between the ages of 8-17 years completed two go/no-go tasks with differential working memory load and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan either at a single visit (n=322) or multiple visits (n=83). ISV was examined using the ex-Gaussian parameter, tau, indexing infrequent, slow responses thought to reflect attentional lapses. General additive models (GAMs) were applied to test for the effects of ADHD diagnosis and sex on age-related change in ISV. Functional MRI analyses focused on intrinsic FC of striatal subregions (motor, limbic, executive) with frontal cortical regions in relation to age, ADHD, sex, and ISV. Covariates in the FC analyses include framewise displacement (an index of head motion), scan length, IQ, comorbid diagnosis (oppositional defiant disorder, depression, anxiety), and medication (stimulant, which was discontinued for lab visits, and non-stimulant, which was taken as usual for lab visits).

Results:

On the standard GNG with minimal demands on working memory, children with ADHD displayed higher ISV than TD children (p<.001), and ISV decreased with age (p<.001), with no evidence of differential change with age in ADHD vs. TD groups (F<1). Among males, diagnostic groups differed between the ages of 8-15 years, whereas among females, differences were observed between the ages of 10-16 years. Similarly, on the count GNG with greater working memory demand, children with ADHD displayed higher ISV than TD children (p<.001), and ISV decreased with age (p<.001), with no evidence of differential change with age in ADHD vs. TD groups (F<1). Among males and females, diagnostic groups differed at all ages (8-18 years).

FC analyses revealed: (1) positive age effects for cortico-limbic and -executive striatum and negative age effects for cortico-motor striatum and (2) greater FC of all cortico-striatal circuits in youth with ADHD than TD youth that was driven by males and did not vary by age. Regarding FC-ISV relationships, there were no significant effects for the standard GNG. However, for count GNG, ISV was negatively associated with FC of all cortico-striatal circuits, whereas age-related changes in ISV were positively associated with FC of the cortico-limbic striatum and negatively associated with FC of the cortico-motor striatum.

Conclusions:

Higher ISV in ADHD persists across development and is differentially associated with developmental changes in functionally connectivity of motor and executive striatal subregions with cortical networks.